4Nunnally J, Bemstein I. Psychometric theory[M]. New York : McGraw, Hill, 1994 : 155.
5Schwarzer R, Aristi B. Optimistic self-beliefs assessment of general perceived self-efficacy in thirteen cultures[J]. World Psychol, 1997,3(1-2) : 177-190.
10Bijl J V, Poelgeest-Eeltink A V, Shortridge-Baggett L. The psychometric properties of the Diabetes Manage- ment Self-efficacy Scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. J Adv Nurs,1999,30(2) :352-359.