种植方式、疏叶及昆虫对杂交大豆制种产量的影响

Effects of planting patterns,leaf trimming and pollinator on hybrid soybean seed production

为提高杂交大豆的制种产量,本文研究繁种中杂交大豆父母本种植方式、人工疏叶和传粉昆虫对制种产量的影响。结果表明,父母本同穴混合种植,能够提高昆虫的异交传粉几率,显著提高不育系的单株结荚数量,比传统的父母本1∶1成行种植提高20.40%(蜜蜂传粉)和30.52%(苜蓿切叶蜂传粉),其中苜蓿切叶蜂的传粉效率显著高于蜜蜂。在大豆开花期间疏父母本整株三出复叶中的两个小叶片,改变叶片的空间分布,可显著提高不育系的结荚率,使JLCMS9A和JLCMS4A两个不育系结荚率分别达到24.1%和65.3%,比对照提高了68.82%和54.01%。

To improve the production of soybean hybrid,the effects of parents planting patterns,leaf artificial trimming,and pollinators were investigated on hybrid yield.Results showed that mixed planting of both parental seeds in the same hole could markedly increase the pollination effects mediated by both honeybees and the alfalfa leafcutter bees.Compared to the traditional planting method of 1∶1 parental rows,this novel planting regime resulted in a significant increase in the number of pods per CMS（cytoplasmic male sterility） plant by 20.40%（honeybee pollinated） and 30.52%（alfalfa leafcutter bee pollinated） respectively.The pollination efficiency of alfalfa leafcutter bees was significantly higher than that of the honeybees.Trimming off the two smallest ones on the trifoliate-leaves of the parents during flowering period could also significantly increase the pod-bearing rate of CMS,and the pod-bearing rates of two CMS lines JLCMS9A and JLCMS4A reached 24.1% and 65.3% respectively,which increased by 68.82% and 54.01% compared to no-trimming control.