两相一体式污泥浓缩消化反应器运行效能及其微生物特性

Operation efficiency and microbial characteristics of two-phase integrated sludge thickening and digestion reactor

为考察两相一体式污泥浓缩消化反应器（TISTD）的处理效能和影响因素,试验研究了反应器在不同污泥投配率下的运行效能,并通过显微镜、扫描电镜观察污泥中微生物的形态和种类,同时通过厌氧培养和分离,以或然计数法（MPN）确定优势菌株,用16S rDNA测序分析及系统发育分析研究优势菌株.结果表明,在中温条件35℃±2℃下,TISTD反应器最佳污泥投配率为30%,在此投配率下,排泥含水率达到92.1%,VS/TS0.2~0.25,产气量为40.35L/d;污泥显微镜观察结果显示,有各种形态的变形虫、豆形虫、鞭毛虫和纤毛虫等原生动物,内反应器污泥电镜扫描照片显示包括各种丝状菌、杆状菌、球状菌以及体积较大的菌胶团,污泥中的微生物种群表现出高度的多样性;16S rDNA序列分析及系统发育树分析结果显示,外反应室的优势菌分属芽孢杆菌属,证明外反应室的反应处于产氢产乙酸阶段,是污泥水解酸化的主要场所;内反应室的优势菌分属于甲烷螺菌属,证明内反应室是适合产甲烷菌生长并产气的主要场所,从而实现了污泥同时浓缩消化的生物相分离.

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the treatment efficiency and impact factors of TISTD reactor.The treatment efficiency was investigated in different sludge dosage rate,besides,the shape and type of the microbe in sludge was observed by microscope and SEM,at the same time,MPN method was applied to determine the predominant strains by anaerobic culture and separation,and then 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was used to study the predominant strains.The results showed that under mid-temperature（35℃±2℃） condition,the best sludge dosage rate was 30%,and the sludge organic matter decomposition rate and discharged sludge moisture content could be up to 65.09% and 92.09% respectively under the best condition.The microscopy results showed that there was a variety of different shaped Amoeba,Colpidium,Flagellates,Ciliates,and some other protozoa in the sludge and the SEM photos showed that the sludge contains variety of filamentous,bacilliform spherical bacteria,fungus,and the relatively larger size zoogloea,which demonstrated TISTD reactor had a high biodiversity in microbial communities.16S rDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis proved that the outer chamber reaction was in hydrogenesis and acetogenesis stage and was the main places of sludge hydrolysis and acidification for that the Bacillus was the predominant microbial community while the within chamber was suitable for the growth of methanogens and gas production,which was the main place to achieve the biological sludge thickening and digestion separation for that Methane Spirillum or Archaea was the predominant microbial community.