4J. C. Merrill, "Overview: Foundations for Media Ethies,"in D. Gordon,J. M. Kittross & C. Reuss, et al, Controversies in Media Ethics, New York: Longman Publishers, 1996, pp. 1,28.
5[美]赫伯特·阿特休尔.《权力的媒介》,黄煜、裘志康译,北京:华夏出版社,1989年.
6Paulu, Radio and Television Broadcasting in Eastern Europe, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1974,p.99.