儿童家长预防接种知识知晓情况现状分析

Investigation about preventive inoculation knowledge of parents

目的了解儿童家长对预防接种知识的知晓情况,提高儿童免疫接种水平,促进儿童预防接种工作的开展。方法统一制定调查问卷,在预防接种门诊、幼儿园及公共场所对6周岁以下儿童家长发放调查问卷进行调查,对回收的480份调查表资料用Excel进行整理及统计分析。结果 88.13%的家长全部或部分知晓本地区应接种的10种国家基础免疫疫苗和接种程序,家长知晓率较高的疫苗有乙肝疫苗、卡介苗、麻疹(麻风二联疫苗)、口服脊灰糖丸(OPV)等;家长对基础疫苗可预防乙型肝炎、甲型肝炎、麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、结核病等相应传染病的知晓率较高;家长预防接种相关知识的主要来源90.83%是预防接种门诊医生告知,82.71%是预防接种门诊接种通知信息告知,75.83%是预防接种告知书获知;87.71%的家长会主动按照接种程序带孩子接种疫苗;影响家长预防接种知识和重视度的因素有家长文化程度、户籍等。结论应进一步加大预防接种的健康教育宣传工作力度,疾控机构主动加强宣传和服务行为,提高家长的自觉性与参与性,促进儿童预防接种工作的开展。

Objective To investigate the knowledge of parents on preventive inoculation, raise the immunization level for children,and promote the vaccination serrice. Methods Worked out a unified interview questionnaire,conduct questionnaire among parents who had children under 6 years old in vaccination clinics, kindergartens and public places.In virtue of Excel spreadsheet to analyze 480 questionnaire collected. Results 88.13% of the parents were aware wholly or partially of inoculating 10 national basic immune vaccines and the vaccination procedures, the vaccine that parents more familiar with were HBV（Hepatitis B vaccine）, BCG（Bacille de Calmette Guerin）, MV （measles vaccine）, OPV （oral polio vaccine）. The parents knew based vaccine can prevent hepatitis B, Hepatitis A, measles, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis and other corresponding infectious disease. Parents＇ vaccination relevant knowledge were 90.83% informed by vaccination outpatient dotors. 82.71% was provided by notification information of clinic vaccination. 75.83% was from immunization notice. 87.71% of the parents would bring their children to inoculate in accordance with the vaccination program proactively. The factors affect parents＂ vaccination knowl- edge and attention were education level, household register. Conclusion Further strengthen vaccination education and pro- paganda. Centers for disease control （CDC） initiative should take the initiative to strengthen propaganda and service. Enhance the consciousness and participation of parents. Promote the work of children immunization and vaccination.