医用金属及金属氧化物纳米材料的毒性研究

Research on Toxicity of Medical Metal and Metallic Oxides Nanomaterials

随着纳米科技的发展,纳米材料在各领域的应用日益增多。金属及金属氧化物纳米材料因其独特的物化性质,为多种疾病的诊治提供了崭新的解决途径。其中,贵金属金、银及应用最为广泛的铁所形成的纳米材料在医学领域应用甚广。纳米金及纳米银具有优异的抗菌效能,广泛用于伤口敷料、化妆品、食品等的制造中。除此之外,纳米金、纳米银及含铁的磁性纳米颗粒也用于疾病诊治方面,如肿瘤的诊断和治疗、生物传感器、生物成像等。但是,大部分金属纳米材料可对机体产生不良作用,因而了解金属纳米材料的毒性显得非常重要。为了在医学应用中更有效地利用金属纳米材料,必须探究其大小、表面化学、特殊性质及毒性。本文总结了这几种金属纳米材料的医学用途,概述了它们的体内外毒性,并分析了可能的毒性作用机制。

As one of the fast developing technologies in the 21^st century, nanotechnology has been applied in many fields including biomedicine. Nanomaterials provide bright avenue in disease diagnosis and treatment. Most significantly, metallic and metallic oxides nanoparticles have been widely used in biomedicine. Noble-metal nanoparticles, such as gold and silver, can act under laser irradiation as effective photothermal transducers for triggering localized hyperthermia of tumors. However, most of nanomaterials show toxicity in vivo. To use the most effective metallic nanoparticle in various biomedical applications, particle characteristics including size, surface chemistry, special properties and toxicity have to be fully investigated. In this review, the progress in the development of metallic nanoparticle based therapies for various biomedical applications as well as remaining challenges for such clinical use are discussed.