卡介苗不同给药途径对哮喘小鼠气道组织的影响

Influence of different administration methods of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin on airway tissue in mice with asthma

目的探讨卡介苗不同给药途径对小鼠哮喘模型气道内外各种组织的影响。方法 28只BALB/c小鼠分为正常对照组、哮喘对照组、卡介苗鼻腔内和皮下给药组4组各7只。正常对照组用生理盐水致敏,哮喘模型用尘螨致敏激发,给药组在尘螨致敏同时鼻腔内或皮下给予1×105 CFUs卡介苗1次,1个月后计数肺泡灌洗液及肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数,检测气道组织杯状细胞增殖程度和平滑肌厚度。结果肺泡灌洗液中嗜酸性粒细胞百分比正常对照组((0.34±0.12)%)和给药组(鼻腔给药组(0.43±0.21)%和皮下给药组(0.58±0.18)%)均低于哮喘对照组((5.54±1.02)%)(P<0.05),4组间淋巴细胞百分比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肺气道组织中嗜酸性粒细胞计数和淋巴细胞计数正常对照组和卡介苗给药组均低于哮喘对照组(P<0.05),卡介苗皮下给药组嗜酸性粒细胞数((17.40±3.20)个/mm2)低于卡介苗鼻腔给药组((36.96±5.86)个/mm2)(P<0.05);正常对照组和卡介苗给药组杯状细胞增殖程度低于哮喘对照组(P<0.05),卡介苗皮下给药组抑制杯状细胞增殖作用较卡介苗鼻腔给药组强(P<0.05);卡介苗鼻腔给药组平滑肌厚度((32.89±5.02)×10-1μm)较哮喘对照组((54.41±8.32)×10-1μm)减低(P<0.05)。结论卡介苗鼻腔内及皮下给药均可抑制气道组织的哮喘反应,且皮下给药作用更强。

Objective To evaluate the effects of intranasal and subcutaneous Bacillus Calmette-Guerin （BCG） administration on the airway tissue in asthma mice models. Methods Twenty-eight BALB/c mice were divided into normal group, asthma group, intranasal-BCG group and subcutaneous-BCG group, with 7 mice in each group. Normal group was sensitized with saline, asthma group was sensitized with dermatophagoides farinae （Der f）, and intanasal and subcutaneous-BCG group were inoculated with BCG 1 × 10^5CFUs while they were simultaneously sensitized with Der f. After one month, the numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and lung tissue, and the proliferation of goblet cell and the thickness of smooth muscle were measured. Results The number of eosinophils of BALF was lower in normal group （（0. 34± 0. 12） %）, intanasal-BCG group （（0. 43 ± 0. 21 ） % ） and subcutaneous-BCGgroup （（0.58±0.18）%） than that in asthma group （（5.54±1.02）%） （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in the number of lymphocytes in BALF among the four groups （P 〈 0.05）. The numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes of lung tissue were lower in normal group, intanasal-BCG group and subcutaneous-BCG groups than those in asthma group （P〈0.05）. The number of eosinophils was lower in subcutaneous-BCG group （（17.40±3. 20） /mm^2） than that in intanasal-BCG group （（36. 96±5. 86） /mm^2） （P〈0.05）. The goblet cell proliferation was lower in the normal group, intanasal-BCG group and subcutaneous-BCG group than that in asthma group （P〈0.05）, and lower in subcutaneous-BCG group than that in intanasal-BCG group （P〈0.05）. The thickness of smooth muscle was less in intanasal-BCG group （（32.89±5.02） ×10^-1μm） than that in asthma group （（54.4±8.32） × 10^-1 μm） （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Both of the administration methods can suppress asthmatic responses in airway tissue, and subcutaneous administration is more effective than intanasal administration.