诱导多能干细胞在眼科的研究进展

The study development of induced pluripotent stem cell in ophthalmology

以视网膜神经元不可逆性损伤为病理基础的视网膜变性类疾病是目前主要的致盲性眼病之一，针对其神经损伤修复的药物治疗却十分有限。最新研究发现的诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）是通过基因转染技术将转录因子导入动物或人的体细胞内，使体细胞直接重构成为胚胎干细胞样的多潜能细胞。由患者体细胞诱导的iPSCs不仅具有强大的自我更新和分化潜能，而且可避免以往胚胎干细胞存在的宿主排斥反应和伦理学限制等缺点，同时眼部屈光介质清晰的特点还使得自体干细胞移植治疗视网膜变性类疾病具有易于观察、便于操作的优势，相信会为这一难治性疾病的治疗开辟新的途径。对iPSCs的研究发展历程、iPSCs的特性和优势、iPSCs在眼科的诱导和定向分化能力进行综述。

Retinal degeneration diseases is an irreversible neurodegenerative impairment. Nowadays, it has become one of the most common causes of blindness, but medical treatments showed little efficiency on these diseases. Recently,some researchers found that a series of transcription factors being capable of reprogramming DNA can reconstruct and induce somatic cells into pluripotent stem ceils （ iPSCs）. The iPSCs not only have great potential of self-renew and differentiation, but also can avoid some critical issues such as ethical restrictions and immune suppression by using embryonic stem cells. Retinal stem cell therapy can also benefit from the ease of surgical access and observation of transplanted ceils directly through the clear ocular media. These advantages make it possible for the iPSCs therapy to be a new approach to managing the retinal degenerative diseases in the future. The research history, feature and advantage,induce and directional differentiation of iPSCs were reviewed.