一次性18Gy放射对大鼠颌下腺损伤的实验研究

A Morphological and Salivary Flow Rate Study on the Effects of Radiation on Rat Submandibular Glands

目的:观察一次性18 Gy放射对大鼠颌下腺组织学形态和唾液流率的改变。方法:40只大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组20只。实验组一次性18 Gy局部照射大鼠颌下腺区域,对照组只麻醉不放射。8周后处死所有大鼠,处死前插管法提取大鼠颌下腺唾液,称取其质量,计算唾液流率,比较两组唾液流率的改变。处死后取颌下腺组织,经4%多聚甲醛固定,切片,HE染色,镜下观察颌下腺的组织学形态。结果:放射后实验组进食进水量下降、活动减少。实验组饮水频率高于对照组。对照组的唾液流率为(18.64±8.23)μL/min,实验组的唾液流率是对照组的57.42%,为(10.70±2.22)μL/min。HE染色显示,放射后实验组颌下腺细胞变性,间质血管充血,腺泡细胞内的空泡数量明显增多。结论:放射后大鼠颌下腺唾液流率明显降低,放射后8周,组织学形态出现显著变化。放疗对大鼠颌下腺组织学形态和唾液分泌功能的远期影响,尚需进一步观察和研究。

Objective： The objective of this study was to observe the changes of rat submandibular gland morphology and salivary flow rate after radiation. Methods： Forty SD rats were randomly divided into experiment group and control group. In experiment group, a one-time 18 Gy irradiation was applied locally on the submandibular glands. In the control group, only celiac anesthesia was administered. 8 weeks later, saliva from both groups was collected with polyethylene tube, their volume weighed, and salivary flow rate calculated. After death, submandibular glands were draw out and weighed. Morphology examination was assessed by HE staining. Results： Water and food consumption in radiated rats decreased, with less activity. But drinking frequency was higher than that of control group. Salivary flow rate was （18.64 ±8.23） μL/min in control group, and （10.70±2.22） μL/min in experiment group, with an equivalent to 57.42% in control group （P〈0.05）. Morphological changes of the radiated submandibular gland cells showed edema, and interstitial vascular congestion. The number of vacuoles in the acinar cells increased significantly. Conclusion： Effects of radiation on rat submandibular gland include obvious salivary flow rate reduction, and degenerative changes of acinar cells. Long-term effects of radiation on the morphology of rat submandibular gland and saliva secretory function still need further observation and research.