骨科生物医学材料的临床应用

Clinical application of orthopedic biomedical materials

背景:生物材料已广泛应用于创伤骨科的治疗,应用于临床治疗的生物材料必须具有良好的生物相容性,满足一定的力学特性和抗磨损、耐腐蚀、抗老化等特性。目的:对骨科生物医学材料进行分类,对Web of Science数据库的相关文献进行多层次分析。方法:以电子检索方式对Web of Science数据库2002至2011年收录骨科生物医学材料研究的文献进行分析,采用检索词为"骨科;生物材料"。按骨科生物材料的性质、功能、来源、部位等进行分类,分析各种材料的特点和适应证。结果与结论:Web of Science数据库2002至2011年收录骨科生物医学材料研究的文献共3834篇。中国在骨科生物医学材料研究领域具有一定地位,中国科学院和四川大学发表文献数量在国际排名较靠前,《生物材料》杂志是骨科生物医学材料研究的经典期刊。骨科生物医学材料按材料的性质分为金属材料、非金属材料、高分子材料和生物复合材料等,各种材料在机械强度、抗疲劳性、耐腐蚀性和生物安全性方面都具有各自的特点,组织工程的出现对生物材料研究提出新的挑战,可以通过研制复合材料、材料改性、表面修饰等方法来弥补不足,骨科生物医学材料研究的趋势将向复合型、杂化型、功能型和智能型生物材料的方向发展。

BACKGROUND：Biomedical materials have been widely used in the treatment of orthopedic trauma,and the biomedical materials used in the clinical treatment should has the good biocompatibility,meet the certain mechanical properties and has the properties of anti-wear,corrosion resistance and anti-aging.OBJECTIVE：To classify the orthopedic biomedical materials and to multi-level analyze the relevant literatures in the Web of Science database.METHODS：A computer-based search was performed on the Web of Science database for the literatures on orthopedic biomedical materials from 2002 to 2011,and the keywords were ＂orthopedic,biological materials＂.The orthopedic biomedical materials were classified according to the properties,function,source and location in order to analyze the characteristics and indications of various materials.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：A total of 3 834 literatures were screened out from the Web of Science database from 2002 to 2011.China has obtained a certain achievements in the field orthopedic biomedical materials research,as the number of the literatures published by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Sichuan University is in the top,and Biomaterials is a classic journal on orthopedic biomedical materials research.Orthopedic biomedical materials can be divided into metal materials,nonmetallic materials,polymeric materials and biological composites according to the nature of the material and each of the material has the respective characteristics in mechanical strength,fatigue resistance,corrosion resistance and biological safety.The tissue engineering presents new challenges to the research of biomaterials,but we can make up the shortage through composite materials development,material modification and surface modification method,and the research of the orthopedic biomedical materials will develop into the composite,hybrid,functional and intelligent biomaterials.