胎肝干细胞移植在肝病治疗中的应用

Fetal hepatic stem cells transplantation for the treatment of liver diseases

背景:胎肝干细胞移植是当前急性、慢性肝衰竭和遗传代谢性肝病治疗领域的研究热点,有望替代肝脏移植疗法。目的:综述胎肝干细胞的分离纯化及胎肝干细胞移植介导的肝脏再生和临床应用研究的最新进展。方法:应用计算机检索2000-01/2011-12PubMed数据库相关文章,检索词为"fetal hepatic stem cell,transplantation",并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索2000-01/2011-12中国生物医学文献数据库相关文章,检索词为"胎肝干细胞,移植",并限定文章语言种类为中文。共检索到文献168篇,阅读文题和摘要进行筛选,选择具有原创性、论点可靠、论据充分的与胎肝干细胞移植密切相关的文章,排除重复研究及综述类文献,最终纳入文献31篇。结果与结论:目前尚未发现胎肝干细胞的特异性标记物,这为其分离和纯化带来了极大的困难。现多用荧光激活细胞分选或免疫磁珠细胞分选来富集胎肝干细胞。胎肝干细胞具有双向分化潜能,能有效地、长期的修复重建受损肝脏。另外,低免疫原性、能耐受冻存损伤等独特的优势为其临床应用奠定了理论基础。胎肝干细胞移植用于临床治疗肝硬化的疗效已得到了初步的确认。胎肝干细胞作为一种新兴的种子细胞来源,在治疗急性、慢性肝功能衰竭及遗传代谢性肝病中具有广阔的应用前景。

BACKGROUND： Fetal hepatic stem cells （FHSCs） transplantation draws much attention recently in the treatment of acute and chronic liver failure and metabolic liver diseases and expected to replace the liver transplant therapy. OBJECTIVE： To review the advances on the isolation and identification of FHSCs, FHSCs mediated therapeutic liver repopulation and clinical trial of FHSCs transplantation. METHODS： A computer-based online retrieval of PubMed database and CBM database was performed with the key words of ＂fetal hepatic stem cell, transplantation＂ in both English and Chinese from January 2000 to December 2011. A total of 168 articles were obtained. Following reading titles and abstracts, original articles closely related to FHSCs transplantation with reliable argument and evidence were included. Reviews and articles of repetitive studies and poor quality were excluded. And finally, 31 articles were enrolled in the review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： A unique and specific marker for FHSCs has not been assigned, which brings difficult to the isolation and identification of FHSCs. FHSCs were often enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic-activated cell sorting techniques. FHSCs had the bipotential differentiation capacity and could extensively repopulate the host liver for a long time without preconditioning. Moreover, FHSCs had low immunogenicity and was resistant to cryopreservation injury which provide theoretical basis for the clinical application. The therapeutic effects of FHSCs transplantation for the treatment of liver cirrhosis have been confirmed. FHSCs as a new source of seed cells have a broad application prospects in the treatment of acute and chronic liver failure and metabolic liver diseases