从女权思想看弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的犹太写作

Virginia Woolf's "Anti-Semitism" from a Feminist Point of View

弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的日记、书信、小说中"反犹"与"亲犹"的倾向并存。本文提倡从allosemi-tism,即把犹太人视为永恒的他者的角度审视犹太人。如此,则犹太问题可比女权问题,因为外邦与犹太、男人和女人的关系都可看作一种自我与他者的二元对立。处于性别关系中劣势地位的伍尔夫在犹太外邦关系中却处于优势,因此她对犹太人表现出一种具有高度个人色彩的既排斥又认同的复杂态度,因而犹太书写也成为她建构个人独特的女权写作之手段。

The tendencies of ＂anti-Semitism＂ and ＂philo-Semitism＂ exist side by side in Virginia Woolf＇ s let- ters, diary and fictions. The present article attempts to explore Woolf＇ s Jewish writings from the point of view of al- losemitism, i.e. regarding Jews as the eternal other. This approximates to how women are regarded as＂the other＂ of men in gender relationship, which would appeal to Woolf the feminist. As the oppressed in gender relationship and the oppressor in Gentile-Jewish relationship, Woof demonstrates a complex attitude toward the Jews with a highly individualized involvement with race, class, culture and politics.