中国农地融资制度建设构想——基于发达国家实践的启示

Agricultural land financing system in China: Based on the enlightenment of foreign financing system of agricultural land

农地融资制度诞生的目的是为了解决农民农业生产发展中的资金难题,近几年,中国多地出现了多种农地融资模式的探索,如土地信用合作社、土地金融公司、土地承包经营权抵押贷款等,并随全国农村土地承包经营权登记试点工作的展开而迅速推进,但与此相应的制度却并不完善。德国、美国、日本等在农地融资方面已有很成熟的制度,采取的主要方式都是抵押,但在具体做法上又有各自的特点。借鉴发达国家的相关经验,中国农地融资制度建设应完善土地承包经营权抵押的法律制度,加强农地及其承包经营权抵押的登记管理,构建科学的农地承包经营权价值评估体系,规范农地承包经营权融资具体运作方式,建立农地融资金融监管制度,完善农地融资的配套制度等。

The objective of rural land financing system is to solve the financial difficulties that farmer faced. In recent years, more rural land financing models have appeared in China, such as land bank, land finance corporation （IFC）, land contract of managerial expertise, and most of them have been promoted rapidly with the national registration for contractual fight of land. But the corresponding legal system is not perfect. The financing system in some developed countries like German, America and Japan, mainly mortgage, is more perfect, and has its own characteristics. The paper hence suggests that China should combine foreign experience with domestic practical problems and take some measures to promote the financing system： to perfect the legal system for land contract of managerial expertise, to strengthen the registration and management for contractual fight of land, to establish suitable value assessment, to regulate the mode of operation, to set up financial supervision system for the rural land financing system as well as to create cooperative system for rural land financing system.