农村多层次养老问题研究

A Study of Multi-level Rural Supporting Problem

市场化、工业化、城镇化、老龄化背景下的农村养老矛盾更加凸显。农村养老单靠家庭养老或社会养老等一种方式已无法满足老年人的养老需要,特别是精神需求。本文根据马斯洛需求层次理论,提出农村养老要注重人们的不同心理需求,从农民的经济水平出发,分层次满足老年人在生理、安全、社交、尊重和自我实现等方面的需要。农民就地城市化及社会合作化养老,以及较为完善的农村最低生活保障体系和全国统一养老保险体系的建立,将有助于农民养老水平的提升,为最终破解长期困扰农村和谐发展的养老问题打下坚实基础。

Today, the rural supporting problem is becoming increasingly serious under the background of marketization, industrialization, urbanization and aging. And the fact remains that the single way for rural supporting like family supporting or social supporting is unable to meet the needs of the old, especially their spiritual needs. According to Maslow＇s hierarchy of needs, this paper suggests that importance should be attached to different psychological needs of those old people and we should try to hierarchically meet their needs in physiology, security, social contact and self-realization based on different economic level. In-place urbanization in rural areas, society-cooperated pension and the establishment of perfect minimum living security system and universal old-age insurance throughout the nation will be beneficial for the enhancement of peasant endowment level. It can also lay a solid foundation to solve the rural supporting problem that has disturbed the harmonious development of rural areas.