北疆气象探测环境的变化对气温序列的影响

Effects of the Change of Environment around Meteorological Observing Stations on Temperature Series in Northern Xinjiang

根据2007年新疆气象台站环境综合调查评估结果和实地考察,选出北疆观测场环境受破坏较重的8个B类站,并依据相关规定选取8个A类对比站。利用各站1969—2008年逐月、逐年平均气温,最高、最低气温分别建立气温序列和气温差值序列。依据数理统计方法,借助SPSS软件对数据进行正态分布检验,分析气温序列和差值序列的变化趋势。研究发现:(1)所选站点气温呈现上升趋势,气温差值也呈现上升趋势,最低气温差值增大趋势显著,说明在气温升高的大背景下,B类代表站升温的速率大于A类代表站。(2)冬季对年平均气温、最低气温差值的变化贡献率最大,夏季对最高气温差值的变化贡献率最大。(3)气温差值除个别站或要素外,后20 a高于前20 a,说明观测场环境的变化对气温差值序列的影响显著,且楼房等建筑物对气温的影响大于树木。

Two groups of meteorological stations were chosen in this paper.Group A were those stations where the environment around the stations entirely accorded with related regulations but group B were not.The series of temperature and the temperature difference between group A and B had been built up respectively by using climatic data of northern Xinjiang from 1969 to 2008, including daily mean, maximum and minimum temperatures.The trend of temperature series were analyzed according to climatological statistics methods by using SPSS. The result showed that the change of environment around the meteorological observing stations has a significant effect on temperatures.Compared with group A, daily mean, maximum and minimum temperatures of group B were higher, especially minimum temperature.The differences of daily mean, maximum and minimum temperatures between group A and B all have a remarkable increase trend.The trend of minimum temperature difference was the most remarkable.It also was found that the effect of buildings was bigger than trees.