石河子棉区棉花阶段延迟型冷害指标研究

The Research of Cotton Delayed Cool Injury Index in the Cotton Region of Shihezi

为客观定量评估北疆棉花冷害,本文利用2003—2007年在北疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站和莫索湾气象站进行的田间分期播种试验,对处于不同热量条件下的花铃期棉花进行发育期、外部性状、产量性状监测。结合两站同步气象观测资料,计算整理两站开花至裂铃期间日平均温度,日最高和日最低温度,≥10℃、15℃、20℃活动积温等资料。综合气象学、生态学信息,分析棉花花铃期低温对棉花发育期、外部性状特征、产量性状特征的影响。运用一元线性回归统计分析,建立了北疆棉区棉花开花至开花盛期间隔日数与产量的回归方程,并由此得出北疆棉区出现轻、中、重度级别阶段性延迟型冷害的开花至开花盛期间隔日数指标;运用相同的方法得出出现轻、中、重度级别延迟型冷害的开花至裂铃期间单铃重指标。

To objectively assess the damage to cotton by low temperature, the field experiment of sowing seeds by stages was conducted respectively in the Mosuwan and Wulanwusu Agro- meteorological Station in the cotton growth seasons from 2003 to 2007. The different agricultural characteristics were measured such as the growth stage, leaf and flower, yield and fruit branches of cotton. In the meantime, several meteorological factors such as light, temperature and humidity were monitored and recorded continuously. To research impact of low temperature on growth and quality of cotton during the flowering and boll stages, the regression equation of yield and the interval days from blooming to bloom filling stage were analyzed. The index of interval days, single boll weight and the flower percentage before frost were confirmed from blooming to bloom filling stage, which could be the assessment index of different levels of delayed cold damage. In the same way, the light, medium and heavy levels of the single boll weight index about delayed cold damage from the flowering to the crack time in cotton region in north Xinjiang could be built as well.