自然与想像的超越——杰弗里·哈特曼的华兹华斯诗歌理论研究

A Brief Review of Hartman's Research on Words worth's Poetry

身为"耶鲁学派"批评家之一的杰弗里·哈特曼,早期以华兹华斯诗歌研究确立了自己在文学批评界的地位。在20世纪五六十年代抵制新批评的形式主义危机、复兴浪漫主义研究的热潮中,哈特曼本着结合欧陆哲学批评与英美批评的宗旨,首先从胡塞尔现象学中的纯粹意识、意向性、本质直观等相关概念,分析了华诗中由纯粹再现所体现出来的自然和意识的关系问题;之后,哈特曼又从黑格尔精神现象学中意识的辩证运动观念出发,较为全面地剖析了华诗中自然、意识和想像三者之间的辩证关系。从对华诗的现象学阐释中,哈特曼揭示了华兹华斯独特的自然和想像观,即自然和想像在意识的辩证运动中都超越了自己的原初存在,且自然和想像的统一超越了原初的自在性而成为自为的融合。

Hartman found great support in Husserl＇ s and Hegel＇ s theory of phenomenology for his interpretation of Words- worth＇ s poetry. First, Wordsworth＇ s nature poetry stressed the sensual of the subject in the process of facing the object, and in this way reached pure consciousness. Second, nature was the intentionality of consciousness and consciousness excluded all relevant knowledge through facing nature. Thirdly, Out of the two forces of nature and consciousness came forth imagination as both a concrete and transcendental third. Therefore, for nature, it transcended its own objectiveness and oth- erness. For imagination, it reached beyond the original in-self-being with nature in the process of overcoming its own alienation.