陕北佳县“7·27”特大暴雨中心区侵蚀灾害调查

Investigation of Erosion Disaster in "7·27" Rainstorm Centre in Jiaxian County of Northern Shaanxi Province

针对2012年陕北省佳县"7·27"特大暴雨侵蚀灾害,以暴雨中心区(王家砭镇)受灾最严重的行政村为对象,调查了"7·27"特大暴雨中道路、河岸、河道、房屋建筑、坡耕地、退耕林地、退耕草地等的侵蚀灾害情况。选取不同恢复措施的典型坡面,量测了地表植被、地形、土壤结皮等状况和"7·27"暴雨侵蚀产生的土壤侵蚀量。重点调查了不同生态恢复措施与恢复效果在该次暴雨中的抗侵蚀作用。对"7·27"特大暴雨侵蚀灾害的原因进行了初步分析。结果表明,植被盖度、植被物种多样性、坡度以及土壤生物结皮对于暴雨侵蚀的防御具有重要影响。

Aiming at the erosion disaster by the ＂7·27＂ rainstorm,the rainstorm central area located in Wangjiabian Town,Jiaxian County,Northern Shaanxi Province,was selected as a site to investigate the erosion situations of road,river bank,river channel,housing construction,sloping farmland,afforestation land and natural recovered grassland.Then,several typical slopes with different restoration measures were chosen to measure standing vegetation,topography,soil crust and soil erosion.The effects of different ecological restoration measures and recovery levels on soil erosion by the rainstorm were investigated primarily.The reasons for the erosion disaster by the severe rainstorm were analyzed.Results show that vegetation coverage,vegetation species diversity,slope and soil biological crust have the important effects on the rainstorm erosion.