粮食主产区耕地集约利用及障碍因素诊断

Intensive Use of Cultivated Land and Diagnosis of Its Obstacle Factors in Main Grain Producing Area

耕地是土地的精华,其集约利用关系着国家粮食安全及经济社会的可持续发展。以河南省为研究对象,从投入强度、利用程度、产出效果和持续状态等方面构建耕地集约利用评价指标体系。采用突变级数模型和熵权系数法定量分析1996—2008年河南省耕地集约利用状况,并诊断耕地集约利用的障碍因素。研究表明:(1)1996—2008年河南省耕地集约利用度总体呈上升趋势,但受自然灾害影响,2002—2004年出现小幅波动;(2)1996—2008年河南省耕地的投入强度、利用强度、产出效果、持续状态等均总体呈增加态势;(3)河南省耕地集约利用的主要障碍因素是地均农电投入、地均农机动力、地均利润、城镇化水平等,因而政府应继续加大农业基础设施投入力度,提高农民积极性,增强农业抗灾能力。

Intensive use of cultivated land plays an important role in national food security and sustainable economic and social development. By taking He＇nan Province as an example, an evaluation index system of cultivated land is designed, which consists of the four primary indexes of input intensity, utility intensity, output effect and persistent state. Intensive use of cultivated land in Hernan Province from 1996 to 2008 is analyzed and its obstacle factors are revealed using entropy coefficient and catastrophe progression methods. Results indicate that： （1） The intensive use degree of cultivated land showed an increasing trend from 1996 to 2008, and a narrow range fluctuation influenced by natural disasters in 2002-2004. （2） The input intensity, utility intensity, output effect and persistent state all showed an increasing trend from 1996 to 2008. （3） The main obstacle factors influencing the intensive use level of cultivated land from 1996 to 2008 were the farm electric power input per area, farm machinery power per area, profit per area and urbanization level. The governments should increase investment in agricultural infrastructure, promote farmers＇ enthusiasm for production and improve the anti-disaster capability of agriculture.