高速公路边坡外来入侵植物调查与防范

Investigation and Prevention of Exotic Plant Invasion on Super Highway Side-slope

近年来,外来入侵植物逐渐增多,对生态构成了一定的威胁。为查清高速公路中出现的外来入侵植物对当地生态系统的影响程度,采用实地调查的方法,对河南省高速公路边坡的植被进行了德式多度制统计,共调查植物58种。发现已有外来入侵植物4种,有些入侵植物如加拿大蓬的入侵情况已经比较严重,而有些人工种植植物如波斯菊由于不适应野外环境而频临灭绝。针对以上问题,提出了高速公路边坡入侵植物的防治建议,即加大人工防治的力度,缩短边坡植被恢复时间,慎选观赏植物,加强入侵植物研究等。

Increased exotic plant invasion has a great effect on ecology,especially on highway side-slope.In order to find out the influence degree of exotic plant invasion on local ecosystem,statistics are made for vegetation on highway side-slope in He′nan Province by field investigation methods.58 plant species are investigated totally.4 kinds of exotic plant invasion are identified,of which some invades the region heavily,such as Conyza canadensis.However,some artificial plants are facing extinction due to inadaptable field environment,such as Cosmos bipinnata.For above problems,control suggestions are proposed,such as taking artificial control,shortening the time of vegetation restoration on side-slope,selecting ornamental plants critically,and enhancing the research on exotic plant invasion.