土壤氢氧化细菌促进作物生长机理研究进展

Progress in Recent Research on Soil Hydrogen-oxidizing Bacteria Associated with Legume Nodules and Rotation Benefits

综述了近十年来国内外关于豆科作物根际土壤促生菌中氢氧化细菌的研究进展,讨论了根瘤释放H2促进作物生长的可能机制.与豆科作物进行轮作、间作是提高土壤肥力、增加作物产量的一项传统的农业耕作方式.对于这种耕作方式优势的机制研究,过去大多数主要集中在土壤氮(N)元素含量的提高.而近期研究表明土壤氢氧化细菌以豆科作物根瘤菌在固氮过程中释放的H2为能量来源进行化能自养改变土壤微生物种群结构.一些土壤氢氧化细菌通过产生1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶和根瘤菌毒素抑制植物体内乙烯的合成,促进作物生长.此外,本文进一步讨论了利用现代分子生物学方法研究氢氧化细菌促进作物生长的途径.

Crop rotation and intercropping involving legume crops are traditional agricultural practices to increase soil fertility for achieving a higher yield and profit and allowing for sustained production.N contribution from legumes in crop rotation and intercropping has been suggested as the major factor responsible for the beneficial effect.Recent studies showed that H2 produced as a byproduct of N2 fixation in the legume crops can improve the growth and yield of the subsequent crops by changing soil bacterial community structure,especially the soil hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria which can use H2 as energy and CO2 as carbon source to grow chemoautotrophically.This paper summarizes the recent researches on soil hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria associated with legume nodules,offers some possible plant growth-promoting mechanisms,and also suggests new research directions on this important plant-microbe interaction in agriculture.