猝死及其预防

Sudden Death and Its Prevention

猝死预防迄今仍是现代医学中尚未解决的问题,本文通过对近30年来有关猝死文献的阅读研究,对猝死的概念、发病特点及机制、主要成因、预防应对进展等进行了综述。猝死的发病特点是起病急、发病年龄偏小、男性高于女性、多发生于医院之外、较多发生于夜间。猝死的病因婴幼儿以呼吸道感染为主,青年人以心肌病为主,中老年以冠心病、脑血管疾病为主。预防应积极控制冠心病的危险因素及避免猝死诱因,高度警惕并及时处理猝死先兆,结合猝死多发生在基层社区的特点,谨对现场急救5个生存链模式进行归纳。强调提高心肺复苏质量,争分夺秒地施行对猝死的救治,以降低猝死患者尤其是心源性猝死(SCD)高危患者的病死率。

The prevention of sudden death has been an unsolved problem in modern medicine.This paper summarizes the concept,morbidity characteristics,pathologic mechanism,main causes and progress in prevention of sudden death based on literature review of researches relating to sudden death in recent thirty years.Sudden death is characterized by abrupt occurrence,early morbidity age,and the incidence for the males were higher than females and it mostly occurs outside hospital and many happen at night;the main cause of sudden death in infants is respiratory infection and that in the young is myocardial disease,and the main cause of sudden death in the middle-aged and elderly is coronary disease and cerebrovascular disease.Preventive measures should be taken positively to control risk factors for coronary disease and avoid inducement of sudden death,keep high vigilance against precursor of sudden death and immediately deal with premonitory symptoms of sudden death.The five survival chain modes are inducted in combination with the characteristic that sudden death mostly occurs in grass-roots communities.It emphasizes on improving the quality of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and racing against time to prevent sudden death so as to lower the fatality rate of patients in the face of sudden death,especially high risk patients in the face of sudden cardiac death（SCD）.