成长环境对大学生心理健康和人格特征的影响

Effect of Growth Environment on Mental Health and Personality Characteristic of University Students

目的了解成长环境对大学生心理健康和人格的影响,为高校开展心理健康教育工作提供参考。方法采用大学生心理健康调查表(UPI)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对某高校大一新生进行心理调查,分析成长环境因素对其影响。结果在心理健康方面,不同成长环境的学生心理健康水平没有显著差异(F=1.159,p>0.05)。成长环境对大学生人格影响的方差分析显示,成长环境对大学生的精神质(F=3.299)、内外向(F=5.433)、神经质(F=3.973)、掩饰性(F=14.851)这4个人格因子都有显著影响,差异均有统计学意义(p<0.01)。成长环境对人格影响的多重比较,农村学生的精神质得分高于城市学生,而内外向得分低于城市学生,农村学生的神经质和掩饰性因子分最高,与其他成长环境的学生比较,差异均有统计学意义(p<0.05或p<0.01)。结论成长环境是影响大学生人格特征的重要因素。

Objective To have knowledge about the effect of growth environment on mental health and personality of university students so as to provide a reference for carrying out mental health education in universities.Method Psychological survey was conducted on freshmen at a certain university with University Psychological Inventory（UPI） and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） and the effects of growth environment factor on it were analyzed.Results As for mental health,the level of mental health in students grown in different environments had no significant difference（F=1.159,p0.05）.As shown by variance analysis on the effect of growth environment on personality of university students,growth environment had significant effects on four personality factors of university students,namely,psychoticism（F=3.299）,introversion-extroversion（F=5.433）,neuroticism（F=3.973） and disguise disposition（F=14.851）.In multiple comparisons on the effect of growth environment on personality,scores of psychoticism in students from rural areas were higher than those from urban areas while their scores in introversion-extroversion were lower,and the differences were statistically significant（p0.01）.Factor scores of neuroticism and disguise disposition in students from rural areas were the highest compared with students grown in other environments,and the differences were statistically significant（p0.05 or p0.01）.Conclusion Growth environment is a key factor affecting personality characteristics of university students.