否定的辩证法与非同一性的哲学地位——阿多诺《否定的辩证法》研究

Negative Dialectics and the Philosophical Status of Non-identity——Studies on Negative Dialectics by Theodor Adorno

《否定的辩证法》是阿多诺最主要的哲学著作。他认为,黑格尔辩证法的基础是同一性,同一性通过扬弃非同一性而达到新的同一,因而其"否定之否定"的实质是肯定;同一性构成了黑格尔辩证法的本体论基础,这种同一性哲学在当代构成了资本统治世界的哲学基础。在阿多诺看来,事物的否定是彻底的否定,这种否定的力量在于非同一性;由于非同一性对同一性的否定是彻底的,因而辩证运动法则不是"肯定,否定,否定之否定",而是"否定,否定,再否定"。由此,他对一切形而上学采取了批判态度。由于阿多诺彻底地否定了同一性在历史发展中的地位和作用,因而他也是一位最极端的哲学家。辩证地分析阿多诺思想,对于坚持和发展马克思的辩证方法具有重大的理论及实践意义。

Adorno thinks that the base of Hegel＇s dialectics is identity,so the negation of negation is affirmation.Identity is the ontological base of Hegel＇s dialectics,and also the philosophical base of the world ruled by capital.In the opinion of Adorno,the force of negation comes from non-identity,belonging to the complete negation,so the dialectical laws of motion is ＂negation,negation and negation again＂.Adorno denies the status and role of identity in the historical development,thus being an extreme philosopher.It is very significant theoretically and practically to analyze Adorno＇s thoughts dialectically in the upholding and development of Marxist dialectics.