“家族累积说”:《红楼梦》作者的新命题

The View of Family Accumulation: about the Author of The Story of the Stone

《红楼梦》作者及"原始作者"问题的考索是近年来红学研究中的一个"热点",简单地将这部作品视为曹雪芹一个人草创完成,《红楼梦》文本内部的很多矛盾现象则难以得到合理的解释,但探索"原始作者"如果诠释过度则有可能走向误区,并有剥夺曹雪芹"著作权"之嫌。本文从《红楼梦》文本内部分析入手,结合脂批等清代文献提供的丰富信息尤其是这部作品成书过程长期性的实际提出《红楼梦》作者"家族累积说"的新命题,试图对作者问题上的种种偏颇加以节制,从而更恰切地把握《红楼梦》诞生过程中的文化语境并对作品文本的复杂构成状况加以阐释。"家族累积说"的提法还可以与红学界已取得的"曹学"成果挂钩,启示人们去探索曹氏家族的遗传基因特别是曹寅的文化素养对曹雪芹直接或间接的可能影响。这个新命题是在综合"世代累积"与"文人独创"两种写作类型的基础上提出的,与所谓否定曹雪芹"著作权"完全是两个不同的概念。

Who is the author of The Story of the Stone is heatedly discussed.If we say Cao Xue-qin is the author,there is something unable to explain.This paper focuses on the text of The Story of the Stone and some other information in the Qing dynasty and thinks that the author is not one person but ＂family accumulation＂,which tries to rectify some wrong ideas about the author.This view can promote researchers to research the family members of Cao Xue-qin and analyze the relationship between Cao Yin（Xue-qin＇s grandfather） and Cao Xue-qin.This proposition is put forward on the basis of ＂generation accumulation＂ and ＂scholar＇s innovation＂,two kinds of writing,which can＇t deny the copyright of Cao Xue-qin.