西藏国境口岸目标人群预防艾滋病行为干预分析评估

Analysis and evaluation of behavioral intervention for AIDS and it's prevention to target population at Xizang border ports

目的西藏国境口岸目标人群艾滋病(AIDS)高危行为干预,是预防艾滋病(HIV)传播的有效方法,并可以提出开展艾滋病相关知识宣传的对策和科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法于2010年4月-9月对四个口岸的目标人群为干预对象;对调查对象开展健康教育及行为干预活动;部分高危人群(酒吧、舞厅小姐)进行艾滋病抗体检测;评价健康教育和行为干预效果;探讨、制定今后在口岸目标人群中开展健康教育和行为干预方案和措施。结果西藏口岸目标人群的艾滋病基本知识干预前后有明显效果:知道艾滋病的病原体的培训前后有显著差异χ2=22.19P<0.001;知道艾滋病的传播途径的培训前后有显著差异χ2=44.54P<0.001;不同文化程度间艾滋病传播途径培训前后有显著差异χ2=255.841P<0.001;不同职业间使用安全套可以预防艾滋病的培训前后有显著差异χ2=317.094P<0.001;口岸目标人群对艾滋病行为态度有明显提高如怀疑自己感染艾滋病会到正规医院去的干预前后有显著差异χ2=41.376P<0.001;血液传播艾滋病但义务献血去正规医院和血液中心的干预前后有显著差异χ2=58.89P<0.001;同情和愿意帮助艾滋病病人和感染者的人数培训前后有显著性差异χ2=45.129P<0.001。结论对西藏口岸目标人群的艾滋病基本知识普遍较低,经过本次的多种形式的宣传、培训有明显效果,通过宣传教育把有关预防知识交给群众,预防为主,群体预防,提高群众的自我保护能力,是目前预防和控制艾滋病最有效方法之一。

Objective AIDS high -risk behavior intervention for the target population at Xizang frontier port is an effective method to prevent HIV transmission and can provide measures and scientific basis for AIDS propaganda activities. Methods 1. Pick intervention objects from target population at 4 border ports during April to September 2010, using cluster sampling method. 2. Carry out health education and behavior intervention activities on investigating objects. 3. Provide HIV antibody testing to some of the high risk groups like barmaids. 4. Evaluate the results of health education and behavior intervention. 5. Discuss and formulate future plans and measures of health education and behavior intervention for target population at ports. Results There are obvious effects among target populations after the intervention of basic AIDS knowledge at Xizang border ports. There is significant difference in people who know about AIDS pathogen before and after training, X2 = 22. 19 P 〈0. 001. There is significant difference in people who know about the transmission mutes of MDS before and after training, X2 =44.54 P 〈0. 001. There is significant difference in people of different educated levels who know about the transmission routes of AIDS before and after training, X2 = 255.841 P 〈 0. 001. There is significant difference in people of different occupation before and after training about preventing AIDS by using of condoms, X2 = 317.094 P 〈0. 001. The attitude toward MDS in target population at border ports has improved. There is significant difference in people who will go to regular hospital if they suspect themselves having been infected with HIV, x2 =41. 376 P 〈0.001. There is significant difference in people whom will go to regular hospital or blood center to donate blood before and after they were intervened about blood - borne AIDS, X2 = 58.89 P 〈 0. 001. There is significant difference in people who pay sympathy and are willing to help HIV -infected patients before and after training, X2 =45.129 P 〈0.001. Conclusion The basic knowledge of AIDS among target population at Xizang border ports is relatively low. Training and various forms of propaganda has made obvious effects. It is one of the most effective AIDS preventing and control methods to publicize the knowledge of AIDS and its prevention.