干旱半干旱区玉米秸秆还田增产保墒技术研究

Technical Study on Arid Semi-arid Region Straw Returning Treatments Preserving Soil Moisture Production Increase

[目的]系统研究干旱半干旱区秸秆还田的有效利用方式。[方法]在定西市安定区李家堡镇马家岔村进行秸秆还田定位试验,探讨秸秆还田对旱地马铃薯产量、土壤肥力及水分利用效率的影响。[结果]秸秆还田有助于0～20 cm耕层土壤有机质增加0.12 g/kg,全氮增加0.03 g/kg,碱解氮增加2.2 mg/kg,有效磷增加2.01 mg/kg,速效钾增加2.1 mg/kg。以秸秆还田+秋季全膜双垄集雨沟播栽培+腐熟剂保水保墒效果和产量为最好,土壤耕层平均含水量分别为8.85%、8.91%、9.36%,9.14%,比秋季全膜双垄集雨沟播栽培分别高0.12%、0.4%、0.13%、0.72%。产量是26 333.82 kg/hm2,比秋季全膜双垄集雨沟播栽培增产2 790.14 kg,增产率为11.85%。[结论]在干旱半干旱地区,秸秆还田+全膜双垄集雨沟播栽培+腐熟剂处理为最佳组合。

[Objective] To study effective utilization method for straw returning in arid semi-arid region.[Method] Effects of straw returning treatments on dryland potato productivity,soil fertility and water use efficiency were discussed in Majicha,Lijiabu Town,Anding District,Dingxi City.[Result] The results showed that soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available P and available K in 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 0.12 g/kg,0.03 g/kg,2.2 mg/kg,2.01 mg/kg and 2.1 mg/kg respectively.the best effect on soil moisture conservation obtained by cultivating with straw returning ＋ integrated membrane double-ridge rainwater harvesting furrow in fall ＋ straw inoculants technology,average moisture content of soil till layer were 8.85%,8.91%,9.36% and 9.14% respectively,potato yield was up to 26 333.82 kg/hm2.Compared with integrated membrane double-ridge rainwater harvesting furrow in fall,moisture content increased 0.12%,0.4%,0.13% and 0.72%;potato yield reached 2 790.14 kg and increased 11.85%.[Conclusion] By orthogonal analysis,the optimal combination was straw returning ＋ integrated membrane double-ridge rainwater harvesting furrow in fall ＋ straw inoculants technology.