血管组织工程的研究与进展

The research of tissue engineering blood vessel

背景:血管组织工程是指利用血管壁的正常细胞和生物可降解材料来制备、重建和再生血管替代材料的科学。近年来,组织工程学技术的发展推动了组织工程化血管的研究,已成为今后血管替代物的重要方向。目的:综述血管组织工程的相关临床及基础研究进展。方法:检索SCI数据库2001/2010有关血管组织工程的文献,检索词为"组织工程血管(tissue-engineered vascular);组织工程(tissue engineering);血管(vascular);支架材料(scaffold materials);支架(scaffolds);种子细胞(seed cell);细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM);血管支架(vascular scaffold);高分子材料(polymer materials);复合材料(composite materials);纳米(nanometer);生物材料(biological materials)",对血管组织工程的临床及基础文献进行分析。结果与结论:血管组织工程研究的内容主要有种子细胞、细胞外基质替代物以及组织工程血管三维培养。血管组织工程所应用的种子细胞包括自体血管壁细胞、胚胎干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞,还包括内皮细胞,平滑肌细胞及成纤维细胞等众多组织细胞。在组织工程血管构建中血管组织微环境是活细胞在体外生长所需的支持物,是种子细胞生长增殖的三维空间,便于细胞黏着、生长、进行新陈代谢。因此,组织工程血管需要具有良好的生物相容性,可塑性强,来源广泛,有一定的抗张强度和无免疫原性的支架材料。根据来源和性能,目前研究应用的材料分为天然生物生材料和合成材料两种。

BACKGROUND：Tissue engineering blood vessel is the science of substitute materials to reconstruct and regenerate vessels by the normal cells of the vascular wall and biological degradation of the material. In recent years, with the development of tissue engineering technology, tissue engineering blood vessel has become an important direction for future vascular substitutes. OBJECTIVE：To summarize the clinical and basic research and progress of tissue-engineered vessel. METHODS：A retrieval was performed for the literature about tissue engineering blood vessel, using Keywords of ＂tissue-engineered vascular, tissue engineering, vascular, scaffold materials, scaffolds, seed cell, extracellular matrix, vascular scaffold, polymer materials, composite materials, nanometer, biological materials＂ between 2001-01 and 2010-12 in Science Citation Index （SCI） database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The research of tissue-engineered vascular mainly includes three aspects：seed cells, extracellular matrix substitutes, three-dimensional culture and tissue engineering vascular research. The seed cells of tissue-engineered vascular include endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The vascular scaffolds in tissue engineered blood vessels is required for the growth of living cells in vitro, and is the seed cell growth and proliferation of three-dimensional space for cell adhesion, growth, metabolism. Therefore, tissue-engineered vessel needs to have good biocompatibility, plasticity, and the wide variety of sources, the tensile strength and non-immunogenic scaffold. According to the sources and performance, the current research and application of materials is divided into natural biomaterials and synthetic materials.