原油运输能量消耗及气体排放分析

Analyses of the Energy Consumption and Emissions of Crude Oil Transportation

为揭示原油运输环节能量消耗和环境污染,根据进口、国产原油的统计数据,以及原油运输过程中常用几种能源转换装置效率和工艺燃料消耗量,采用元素平衡法和各种运输工具使用不同工艺燃料时的排放因子,研究从不同地区进口的原油及进口和国产原油采用多种运输方式在国内配送时消耗的能量和产生的气体排放。分析表明,原油(国产部分和进口部分加权值)在运输过程中的一次能源能量消耗为5.75 kJ.MJ–1,国产、进口原油运输一次能源能量消耗分别为1.46 kJ.MJ–1、8.95 kJ.MJ–1;原油运输过程中(国产部分和进口部分加权值)产生的温室气体排放为699.2 g.GJ–1,VOC、CO、NOx、PM10、PM2.5、SOx、CH4、N2O分别为0.449 5 g.GJ–1、1.87 g.GJ–1、12.19 g.GJ–1、0.427 1 g.GJ–1、0.305 6 g.GJ–1、14.34 g.GJ–1、0.715 5 g.GJ–1、0.010 3 g.GJ–1;进口原油在运输环节产生温室气体VOC、CO、NOx、PM10、PM2.5、SOx、CH4、N2O分别是国产原油的3.2倍、20.6倍、43.6倍、20.5倍、14.0倍、24.5倍、2.4倍、1.1倍和13.1倍。运输方式和距离是影响原油运输能量消耗及气体排放的关键因素,国内管道运输和大型油轮进口运输的能量消耗及气体排放较低。

In order to reveal the energy consumption and the costs of environmental pollution for crude oil transportation, according to statistical data of imported and domestic crude oil, as well as conversion efficiency of several energy conversion devices and process fuel consumption in crude oil transport process, the energy consumption and the emissions of transportation for the crude oil imported form different regions and produced in domestic is studied with element balance method and emission factor of various conveyance using different process fuels. Analysis shows that the energy consumption of primary energy for crude oil （include domestic and imported） transportation is 5.75 kJ· MJ^-1, for domestic and imported crude oil is 1.46 kJ · MJ^-1 and 8.95 kJ · MJ^-1 separately, the greenhouse gases emissions for crude oil （include domestic and imported） transportation is 699.2 g · GJ^-1, the VOC, CO, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, SOx, CH4, N20 emissions is 0.449 5 g · GJ^-1, 1.87 g · GJ^-1, 12.19 g · GJ^-1, 0.427 1 g ~ GJ-t. 0.305 6 g · GJ^-1, 14.34 g · GJ^-1, 0.715 5 · GJ^-1, 0.010 3 g · GJ^-1 separately. The greenhouse gases, VOC, CO, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, SOx, CH4, N20 emissions of the crude oil imported in transportation is 3.2, 20.6, 43.6, 20.5, 14.0, 24.5, 2.4, and 1.1, 13.1 times of the crude oil produced in domestic. The key factor of energy consumption and gas emissions in the crude oil transportation is conveyance and distance. Energy consumption and gas emissions are low when uses pipeline transportation in domestic or large oil tankers transport form aboard.