沙漠化地区生态建设政策执行过程中的交易成本分析

Transaction cost analysis of implementation process of ecology construction policy in sandy desertification areas

将交易成本分析引入沙漠化地区生态建设政策分析过程,构建生态建设政策交易成本分析框架,确定交易成本计算方法,估算乌审旗退耕还林政策执行期间的交易成本为每年4 931.92元/hm^2,中央政府直接提供的退耕还林补偿每年2 493.75元/hm^2,农户支付的费用高达2 310.87元/hm^2,占额外支付费用的94.74%。农户为退耕还林政策实施做出了重大贡献。生态政策的交易成本分析,将为生态建设政策的绩效评价提供一个新的角度,具有重要意义。

Chinese deserts and desertification management is an important ecological project,which began in 1950s and will continue to the future. In this project, the most important thing is to find out how the institutions drive peo- ple to make it work. So the implementation process analysis and performance evaluation of the desertification man- agement policies have become an important issue to desertification research, drawing high degree of attention of many scholars. This paper assumes that people are always in pursuit of the maximum profits and introduces transac- tion cost analysis to the process of policy implementation of ecology construction in sandy desertification area, through building transaction cost framework of ecology construction policy. This paper basically has the idea that low transaction cost will help policies run smoothly. In other words, people is likely to implement policies under low transaction cost. In this analysis, the transaction cost is theoretically divided into 5 parts： information search cost, signing contracts cost, management project construction and operation cost, supervision cost, seeking compensation costs after breaking contract. Generally speaking, the higher the transaction cost of ecological management policy is and the lower the part of direct government payment takes in total transaction costs, the greater the likelihood of this policy being not implemented will be. This paper chooses Wushenqi as the research area and project of returning farmland to forest as the research policy. From spot research, it finds that the transaction cost in project of returning farmland to forest is about4 931.92 yuan/hm2 per year. The central government provides 2 493.75 yuan/hm2 per year directly for compensatory payment. Farmers and local governments pay 2 439.17 yuan/hm2 per year for the ex- tra cost. In the extra cost, the farmers pay up to 2 310.87 yuan/hm2 per year, accounting for 94.74% of the extra cost. Province, county-level governments commit to only 0.26% of the extra cost. The eco-efficiency provided by project of returning farmland to forest is a kind of special public goods. So it has the external benefit. From the cal- culation, this part of benefit is gotten by government while farmers take the larger part of the cost than government. However, all of the cost should be paid by government. From the perspective of transaction cost, it can conclude the farmers make a significant contribution to ecological construction. Therefore, this policy can not work well. The transaction cost analysis of ecological policy has great significance because of the new perspective for the ecological construction policy performance evaluating.