基于GIS的新疆和田地区人居环境适宜性评价

Evaluations of living environment suitability of Hotan Prefecture in Xinjiang based on GIS

人居环境是人类生存和发展的基础。运用GIS和RS技术采用单因子评价和综合评价模型,系统地归纳了国内外人居环境评价研究的理论基础和应用研究成果,利用DEM与NDVI数据将多年平均气温、降水量、人口和GDP等要素的栅格数统一到1 km×1 km的栅格尺度,以此反映干旱区适宜性的空间分布特征。通过数字评价模型分析,结果表明:和田地区的人居环境指数介于1.139～4.495之间;整体分布景观是从和田河流域、克里雅河流域等绿洲区向北部沙漠区和南部山脉区递减,大部分地区受到自然条件的限制,人居环境中高级适宜区面积最少,占全研究区面积的1.04%,较适宜区占5.95%,中等适宜区占21.13%、难适宜区和不适宜区占71.68%,表明自然环境基础很恶劣,生态环境相当脆弱。因此,开展和田地区人居环境适宜性评价研究,对干旱区生态环境保护具有现实意义。

With the economic and social development, human beings have been concerning about the survival of their own living environment. Human settlement is a basis of human survival and development, and the concentrat- ed expression of human civilization. Through applying the Comprehensive Assessment Model and 3S Technology, this paper systematically summarizes the theoretical basis and study the results of Residential Environment Evalua- tion which carried on home and abroad. Based on grid data such as DEM, NDVI, the multi-year average tempera- ture and precipitation, GDP, population, with the 1 km x 1 km grid scale, the spatial distribution trait is directly reflected of Residential Environment Suitability in the Hotan Prefecture. The results show that the index of suitabili- ty for Residential Environment in the Hotan Prefecture is from 1.139 to 4. 495. In general, suitability of Residen- tial Environment is decreased from the oasis which formed around the Hotan River and the Yutian River basins to the south mountains and north desert area, and Increased from the mountains to the plain and from the northern des- eft to the separated oasis. Most parts of the Hotan Prefecture are affected by restrictions of natural environmental conditions. Considering the suitability of residential environment for the Hotan Prefecture, the proportion of high suitability area is the least, which accounts for 1.04% of the total study area, second ranked suitable area accounts for 5.94%, third ranked suitable area accounts for 21. 13%, less suitable and not suitable areas accounts for 71.68 %. The highestpopulation density areas are mainly concentrated in the central area of administrative region which locate in the Hotan River and Yutian River basins. The lowest suitable living environment for the study area is concentrated in the northern desert and southern high mountains, the region＇s population distribution and popula- tion density is relatively low or even zero. It indicates that the natural environment is extremely bad. In the whole study area except the oasis which has been developed, undeveloped pastoral zone has good natural development conditions and human settlements potential, but this region＇s ecological environment is rather fragile, so in the fu- ture the development planning requires a lot of consideration and demonstration.