20世纪60年代以来的西方公共行政理论述评

A Review of Public Administration Theories in the West since the 1960s

公共行政理论丛林的形成既是公共行政学学科自身发展的必然结果,也是公共行政学对现实社会急剧变化所作出的理论回应。根据目标取向的不同,二十世纪六十年代以来的西方公共行政理论可分为两大类:一是工具理性取向的行政科学,坚持效率至上,单纯追求行政的科学化和技术化,却很少提及甚至忽略公平、正义、民主等公共价值,代表理论主要有新公共管理理论和整体性治理理论;二是价值理性取向的行政哲学,强调公共价值,积极倡导公共行政精神,但缺少制度化的途径和可操作的机制,代表理论主要有新公共行政理论、新公共服务理论和公共价值管理理论。而事实上,公共行政必须以价值理性为指导,以工具理性为支撑,才能实现健康发展。

The emerging theoretic jungle of public administration is not only a logical result of the development of public administrative subject, but also a theoretical response to the sharply changing society. According to the divergent aims, public administration the- ories in the West since the 1960s can be categorized into two classes： The one is administrative science targeting tool rationality, which stresses efficiency and pursues technicalization of administration merely but neglects public values such as equity, justice, democracy, etc. ,including new public management and holistic governance as the representative theories. The other is administrative philosophy tar- geting value rationality, which focuses on public value and advocates the spirit of public administration, but lacks institutionalized avenue and operational mechanism, including new public administration, new public service and public value management as the representative theories. However in fact, public administration must be guided by value rationality and supported by tool rationality in order to go forward well.