我国海水利用现状、问题及发展对策研究

Seawater utilization in China: current situation,issue and development strategy

为解决淡水资源短缺、应对水资源危机,世界许多沿海国家及地区积极开展海水淡化和综合利用,为解决区域水资源短缺问题找到了一条有效途径。近年,我国沿海地区水资源短缺形势日益严峻,如何利用海水资源有效缓解水危机是我国长期以来十分关注的问题。从我国的基本国情水情出发,分析海水资源化利用的发展现状,分析海水利用发展过程中存在的问题及原因,在借鉴国外海水利用经验的基础上,分析我国海水淡化和综合利用的发展潜力、重点区域与领域布局,并提出促进海水利用发展的对策建议,为相关部门加强海水淡化和综合利用管理提供决策参考。

Facing increasing pressure of water scarcity and freshwater stress, coastal countries and regions have actively engaged in seawater desalination that can be an effective measure to solve water shortage problem. Recent years, China has been suffering from water shortage, especially the coastal regions. The development of seawater desalination in Chi- na is reviewed by taking the national and water condition into full consideration. Potentiality of comprehensive utiliza- tion of seawater is evaluated based on analysis of problems and reasons and experiences home and aboard. Main areas and layout for desalination application are proposed, together with measures for promoting seawater utilization. It can be used as reference for decision making of the relevant departments.