煤炭资源型城市大气环境污染损失核算研究

On the way of calculating the atmospheric environmental damage due to the pollution in the coal-mining resource cities

针对阜新市煤炭开采和环境污染现状,在借鉴环境经济学中环境价值核算方法的基础上,提出用实物量和价值量分别计算的大气污染核算方法。结合人力资本法和市场价值法等环境价值评价方法,对阜新市2010年煤炭开采造成的大气环境污染损失进行货币核算。结果表明,2010年阜新煤炭开采造成大气环境污染损失约12.660亿元,折合吨煤损失约80.09元。其中,人体健康损失最多,约占总损失的65.63%。由于所采用的某些计算方法本身具有不确定性,该计算结果只作为损失上限的参考值,未来的研究可以尝试建立配套的评估体系。

The present article is inclined to introduce an improved method for calculating the atmospheric environmental damage due to the pollution in the coal-mining resource cities by taking Fuxin city as our case study. As to the methods for calculating environmental values in the environmental economics, it is of great necessity to mention the functional relationship among the physical quantity of loss, the value quantity of loss due to the pollution the coal production brings about to the environment. In order to calculate the economic loss caused by the atmospheric environmental pollution, we have prepared an equation and calculation method by joining the environmental value evaluation methods, such as human capital approach and the market value law, the economic loss caused by the atmospheric environmental pollution derived from the coal exploitation of the city in terms of currency. In order to analyze and evaluate the actualities of the atmospheric environmental quality loss and existing problems generated from coal mining quantitatively and qualitatively, this article put forward the calculation method by accounting the physical quantity and value quantity respectively. Such calculation can provide reference to the construction of ecological compensation and ecological regionalization. The calculation result of ours shows： the atmospheric environmental pollution loss caused by coal exploitation in the city in 2010 was about 1.266 billion Yuan, amounting to 80.09 Yuan loss for per metric ton coal, in which the cost of human health is thought of 65.63% of the total loss, which is regarded as the biggest loss. Since the regions involved and evaluated are difficult to conform with the natural ecological environment remands, the population scale and socioeconomic development situation when they are evaluated with the end-results checking method, the accounting results of this article can only be treated as a reference to the upper limit. The uncertainty of the accounting per se shall demand future research work to try to build up a coordinative assessment system and probe into the problem on how to deal with the value compensation for the atmospheric environment pollution.