铀矿区污染土壤上植物资源调研

A Survey of Plant Resources in the Contaminated Soil of Uranium Mine

分析研究了南方某铀矿区矿井、水冶厂和尾矿坝铀污染土壤的植物资源及土壤的有机质、重金属等环境背景状况。结果表明:铀矿污染土壤上植物丰富,共有52种,隶属28科51属,矿区污染土壤上自然生长的植物中草本植物种类占80.77%,木本植物占19.23%,其中多年生植物占65.38%,1年或2年生植物占34.62%,禾本科、菊科植物种类较多,同时发现葎草、辣蓼、狗尾草、牛筋草、叶下珠、蕨、鬼针草、马唐、一年蓬、野菊花、苍耳、商陆等12种耐受性强的优势植物。从土壤环境状况来看,有机质丰富的地段植物种类更加丰富,重金属污染最重的地段植物种类更加贫乏。在尾矿坝,个别植物如商陆、苍耳和辣蓼生长茂盛,不仅形成了一定的群落,而且可能因为受到辐射等因素的影响,植物个体较非矿区自然状态下的生物量更大,这些特点将对铀矿区污染土壤的修复和复垦有着重要的科研参考价值。

An investigation was conducted on the content of organic matters,pH and heavy metal of the soil from the mine shaft, hydrometallurgical mill, tailings dam and the plant resources grown in u- ranium contamination soil in a South uranium mining area. The results showed that there are many kinds of plants grown in the Uranium contaminated soil. The amount of the species of the plants up to 52 kinds,which including 28 families and 51 genera, respectively. According to our statistics, there are 80.77% herbaceous species and 19.23% woody species of nature growth plants in mine contam- inated soil. 65.38% are perennials and 34.62% are one year or biennial plants, in which gramineae and compositae species taken a more part in the plants. Experiments indicated that there are 12 kinds of better tolerance of dominant plants which are Chrysanthemum indicurn L. Nephrolepis biserrata （Sw.） Schott, Humulus scandens （ I_our. ） Merr. Phyllanthus urinaria L. Setaria viridis （ L. ） Beauv. lygonum pubescens Blume, Eleusine indica （ L. ） Gaertn. Digitaria sanguinalis （ L. ） Scop.Bidens pilosa L. Erigeron annuus （L.） Peps. Xanthium sibiricum Patrin and Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Considering from the soil environmental conditions, which area has higher organic matter, the plant speeies are more richer, the poorer plant species in the heavy metal pollution. In the tailings dam, individual plants such as Phytolacca aeinosa Roxb. Xanthium sibiricum Patrin and lygonum pu- beseens Blume flourished, not only the formation of a certain community, and may be influenced by the radiation and other factors, the individual plants have the greater biomass than non-mining state of nature, these features will be useful for the restoration and reclamation of contaminated soil in ura- nium mine, and has an important research and reference value.