城镇化中传统乡村聚落空间演化及其区域效应——以赣南客家乡村聚落为例

The Spatial Evolution and Regional Effects of the Traditional Rural Settlement during the Urbanization——Take the Hakka Rural Settlement as an Example

城镇化对传统乡村聚落空间演化影响明显。赣南客家乡村聚落是典型的传统乡村聚落,聚落的空间格局特征主要有依山傍水,集中分布在缓坡低地,聚族而居,建筑单体风格独特,分布密度县域差异明显。城镇化过程中空间演化呈现出以下趋势:山地聚落向下和水平迁移,传统民居在空间上被合围,路网密度加大,空间实现重组并向城市聚落景观演替,这势必为区域带来各种正、负效应,如人地矛盾变化、传统与现代文化的碰撞、空间的聚集与均衡、部分聚落的空间萎缩与空间隔离等。

The impact that urbanization brings to the spatial evolution of the traditional rural settle- ment is obvious. Hakka rural settlement is typical of traditional rural settlement and the main charac- teristics of the spatial pattern of the settlement are mainly embodied in that it is surrounded by hills and is near rivers. Besides,it is concentrated in the gentle slope lowlands, and people there clans to- gether with unique style. In addition, the distributional densities are much different from county to county. In the process of urbanization, the space evolution reflects the following trends ： the settlement in mountainous areas migrates downward and horizontally, traditional houses are encircled in space, the density of road network is increased, the space is restructuring and traditional houses are gradual- ly changing into urban settlement landscape. All the above-mentioned trends will surely bring all kinds of positive and negative effects to the regions, such as the change of the contradiction between man and earth, collision of the traditional and modern cultures, the congregating and the balance- keeping of the space, and the space atrophy and space isolation of the settlement, etc.