黄土高原农林草牧耦合发展战略研究

Strategies on Integrated Development of Agriculture-Forestry-Grass-Grazing in the Loess Plateau of China

黄土高原地区"以耕为主"的农牧业面临可持续发展问题,应置换农牧主辅关系,将"以耕为主"调整成"以牧为主";通过农林草灌耦合重新配置农牧业资源,以宜草则草、宜灌则灌、宜林则林的思路实施草灌先行发展战略,逐步形成草灌(木)林立体生态屏障和相关产业互补结构。黄土高原地区畜牧业应发展具有独特路径和创新机制的生态友好型畜牧业,提倡舍饲、半舍饲畜牧业经营方式,以养殖大户为主体、合作社为纽带、养殖小区为平台,培育黄土高原畜牧业生产经营主体。围绕农林草牧耦合发展,大力强化产业培育、政策扶持、项目投入、利益引导等支撑点,形成"四轮驱动"的黄土高原畜牧业发展格局。

Agricultural husbandry in the Loess Platean mainly focus on crop cultivation, but now it is faced with the challenge of sustainable development. The main-accessorial relationship between agriculture and animal husbandry should be adjusted from crop cultivation to grazing. Through coupling development of agriculture-forestry-grass-grazing, reconfigure agriculture and animal husbandry resources. Based on selecting suitable vegetation types （grass, shrub and forest） for different environmental conditions, the advance development of strategy by planting grass and shrub should be carried out to form vertical ecological barrier of grass-shrub-forest and correlative industrial structure gradually. The development of animal husbandry in the Loess Plateau should be eco-friendly type of animal husbandry that has special path and innovation mechanism. Dry-lot feeding or semi-dry-lot feeding mode of husbandry management should be advocated, and with the large scale livestock farmers as the mainstay while cooperatives and breeding areas working separately as ties and platform to develop the subjects of husbandry production and management in the Loess Plateau. Centering on coupling development of agriculture-forestry-grass-grazing, the supporting points such as industry cultivation, policy support, project investment and interest guide should be strengthened, thus form four-wheel driving development pattern of animal husbandry in the Loess Plateau.