普洱市2006-2010年学校传染病流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of school infectious diseases in Puer during 2006-2010

目的了解2006-2010年普洱市学校传染病流行情况,为有效降低学校传染病发病水平提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对普洱市2006-2010年学校传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果普洱市2006-2010年全市学校发生乙、丙类传染病共21种3 793例(死亡4例)。5 a平均发病率为221.64/10万。呼吸道传染病发病集中在11,12,1,2月;肠道传染病发病集中在6-10月;虫媒和自然疫源性疾病发病集中在6-8月;血源及性传播疾病全年均可发生。发病排前3位的地区为思茅区、景东县、澜沧县,占发病总数的49.40%。以呼吸道传染病为主,占69.26%,各种传播途径的传染病疫情所占的构成比差异有统计学意义,不同学段学生传染病发病率差异有统计学意义。有疫苗可预防的病例占70.82%。结论普洱市学校应以防控急性呼吸道传染病为重点。应根据流行特征有针对性的开展相关疫苗的预防接种,增强学生群体免疫水平,有效预防学校传染病的发生和流行。

Objective To know the epidemic situation of the school infectious diseases in 2006-2010 of Puer,and further standardize the infectious diseases prevention and control work,then effectively reduce the school infectious diseases level.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to discuss the epidemic situation of the school infectious diseases in 2006-2010 of Puer.Results There were 21 kinds of 3 793 cases category B,C infectious diseases happened in the school of Puer during 2006-2010（4 deaths）.The reported average incidence rate of past 5 years was 221.64/100 000.The respiratory diseases usually concentrated at November,December,January and February.The intestinal infection concentrated in June,July,August,September and October.Insect vectors and nature endemic diseases were concentrated in June,July and August.Blood source and sexually transmitted diseases happens all year.The top incidence areas were Simao,Jingdong and Lancang,which accounted for 49.40%,and most of them were respiratory diseases（69.26%）.The cases that vaccine can prevent accounted for 70.82%.Conclusion The infectious diseases prevention should be focus on the acute respiratory infections.Preventive vaccination should be carried out according to the epidemiological characteristics so as to prevent the school infectious diseases.