道德努力:自由主义与社群主义论争之视域下

Efforts in Moral: Under the View of the Dispute between Liberalism and Communitarianism

自由主义把个人的自由权利视为支配社会基本结构的正义原则的前提性观念,而社群主义认为共同体的价值或大多数人的意志应该具有首要的地位,个人的权利不能独立于根本的善或普遍福利而得到规定。双方的分歧最终可归结为对人性本质或人格观念上的对立,而在西方哲学传统内他们所能找到的概念资源似乎都无法解决这个难题。唐君毅的"道德努力"思想却为此提供了一条似乎更为可取的理解方式。

Liberalists regarded a person＇ s liberal right as the prerequisite idea of the justice principle to control the social foundational structure while communitarians put the value of a community or the multitude＇ s wills on the first place and anyone＇ s right should not free from primary goods or common assets. At last, the differentiation between the both could be ascribed to the contention on the human nature or personality. They seemed to fail to find any resources in the tradition of the western philosophy. It was possible that Tang Junyi＇ s theory of Efforts in Moral provided a mode of understanding acceptable them.