由陇中民俗“放鹞子”谈天敌关系的利用

On Using of Natural Enemy Relationship—a View from "Flying Sparrow-hawks" as a Folk Custom in Middle Gansu Area

陇中民众利用鹞子和麻雀之间的天敌关系,人工驯化鹞子用来驱赶和捕捉麻雀,保护糜谷等秋季庄稼免受麻雀糟蹋,这种生产民俗在当地称为"放鹞子"。20世纪80年代前,"放鹞子"这种生产民俗陇中农村普遍存在。由于农村实行家庭联产承包责任制及工农业迅速发展,"放鹞子"这种生产民俗在陇中逐渐消失,但在生态环境不断恶化的背景下,将动物食物链中天敌关系合理运用于生产实际仍具有其价值。

As a folk custom in the middle part of Gansu Province, ＂flying sparrow-hawks＂ was a good case for exploiting natural enemy relationship： farmers in this area flied tamed sparrow-hawks to drive or catch sparrows that destroyed corns in autumns. The folk custom commonly existed in rural area of the middle part of Gansu, but following the fast development of agriculture and industries after 1980s, ＂flying sparrow-hawks＂ gradually lost in producing process, anyway, against the background of the deterioration of ecological environment, it is still of value to rationally apply the natural enemy relationship in the animal food chain into production practice.