我国农地产权结构与市场化流转:理论与实证分析

A Theoretical and Practical Study on the Rural Land Property Rights Structure and Circulation in China

我国农村土地产权结构具有三方面特征:农地所有权主体的土地权利存在着一定程度的弱化、土地产权存在着较大范围的公共域、农民的土地承包经营权内涵不够完整。在这种产权结构约束下,农民对土地承包经营权的未来预期收益远高于现期收益,土地的剩余控制权和剩余索取权在整个产权结构中处于非常重要的地位,会对农户的土地流转行为产生直接影响。土地的剩余索取权价值包括社会保障价值、资产投资价值和未来增加价值。由于在现有制度安排下农户只能获取土地增值收益的小部分,因而农户倾向于采取等待策略,即拥有土地的剩余控制权和剩余索取权。发达地区和欠发达地区的土地流转差异,主要形成原因在于土地剩余索取权价值的实现程度不同。应该改革现有土地产权制度,加快土地流转市场化建设,给予农民包括剩余索取权价值在内的土地流转收益,加快我国农村土地流转速度,提高土地资源利用效率。

The rural land property fights structure has three features in China. Firstly, the fights of land owner have been weakened. Secondly, there are common areas. Thirdly, the rural land operation on contracting fights of farmers is incomplete. Farmers could obtain more future profits than present ones from the rural land fights. So the fight of residual claim and fight control are very important to a farmer, and it may have direct influence on the choice of a farmer about land circulation. The profits of residual claim fight include insurance and investment and add value. As only obtaining a few land add value, many farmers like possess residual claim fight and control fight. Because of the value of residual claim fight being different, there are differences between developed areas and developing ones about rural land circulation. We must reform the present rural land property fights institution, speed up land circulation market construction and give farmers more land circulation profits. Thus the speed of rural land circula- tion will be quickened and the land use efficiency may be raised.