论农民专业合作社社员的异质性及其定量测定方法

Membership Heterogeneity in Farmer Professional Cooperative and Its Quantitative Measurement Method

传统的、经典的合作社具有社员同质的结构特点。事实上,农民专业合作社社员的异质性具有一般性的特点。社员异质性对农民专业合作社的组织结构、决策机制、治理机制以及运行绩效等方面具有重要影响。在分析农民专业合作社社员同质性的基础上,提出了农民专业合作社社员异质性的内涵,并将其界定在包含13个指标的复合系统;在此基础上,分别从某一合作社内部不同社员之间的异质性和基于社员异质性基础上的不同农民专业合作社之间异质性两个方面提出了其异质性测定的具体方法;其次,运用在陕西杨凌三个农民专业合作社的调研数据,实证分析了其农民专业合作社社员异质性和三个农民专业合作社之间的异质性。结果表明,不论在同一农民专业合作社内部社员之间,还是在不同专业合作社之间,其平均综合指数、组合指数和异质性指数均存在明显差异。

One of the characteristics in traditional and classic cooperative is member homogeneity. In fact, member heterogeneity in Farmer Professional Co-operative （FPC） has generality. Member heteroge- neity in FPC has an important impact on its organizational structure, decision-making mechanism, admin- istration mechanism and operational performance. On the basis of analyzing the member homogeneity in FPC, the definition of member heterogeneity in FPC which is a complex system including 13 indexes was put forward. Further, the quantitative method of measuring the member heterogeneity in a FPC and coop- erative heterogeneity in different FPCs are brought up. In addition, an empirical study on member hetero- geneity in FPC and cooperative heterogeneity in different FPCs was made using the data collected from three cooperatives in Yangling Demonstration Zone by field survey. The result showed that, there are sig- nificant differences on average complicated index, structure combination index and heterogeneity index in both the internal members of the same FPCs and between different FPCs