家养皮毛宠物与儿童哮喘关系

Relationship between pet keeping and childhood asthma in Shenyang city

目的了解家养皮毛宠物与儿童哮喘的关系。方法采用整群抽样方法,在沈阳市5个行政区内随机选取10所幼儿园和5所小学,采用国际统一标准问卷ATS调查表对所有学生进行呼吸系统疾病及症状调查。结果沈阳市儿童持续咳嗽、持续咳痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣现患和过敏性鼻炎的患病率分别为9.53%、4.49%、6.23%、2.42%、5.61%和5.27%,其中男生哮喘、喘鸣现患及过敏性鼻炎的患病率明显高于女生(P<0.05);家养宠物对儿童哮喘无明显影响,但与宠物同室睡会增加儿童患哮喘的危险(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示,与无家族易感史且未饲养宠物的儿童相比,具有家族易感史的儿童患哮喘的危险增加了229%(95%CI=2.55～4.25),而同时暴露家族易感史和宠物的儿童患哮喘的危险增加了101%(95%CI=1.17～3.43),家族易感史与家养宠物的交互效应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论家族易感史是儿童患哮喘及哮喘样症状的危险因素,家养皮毛宠物对儿童哮喘的影响与儿童跟宠物接触的密切程度有关。

Objective To assess the association of pet keeping at home with childhood asthma.Methods Totally 6 278 children in 10 kindergartens and 5 primary schools in Shenyang city were recruited for a cross-sectional study.Information on respiratory health was obtained by a standard questionnaire from the American Thoracic Society（ATS）.Results The prevalence of persistent cough,persistent phlegm,asthma,current asthma,current wheeze,and rhinitis were 9.53%,4.49%,6.23%,2.42%,5.61%,and 5.27%,respectively.And the prevalence of asthma,current wheeze,and rhinitis in the boys were higher than those in the girls（P0.05）.Pet keeping in home was not associated with asthma and asthma related symptoms of the children,however,sleeping with pet significantly increased the prevalence of asthma（P0.05）.Compared with the subjects without both family atopy history and pet exposure,the effect of family atopy history alone was significant in subjects without pet exposure,with an adjusted odds ratio（OR） of 3.29（95% confidence interval：2.55-4.25）.In the case of the presence of these two factors（both pet exposure and family atopy history）,the adjusted OR of the asthma decreased to 2.01（95%CI：1.17-3.43）,and there was no significantly interactive effect of pet keeping and family atopy history of asthma and asthma related symptoms among the children.Conclusion Family atopy and pet exposure are the risk factors of asthma and asthma-related diseases in children.Asthma and asthma-related symptoms are positively associated with the level of pet exposure,however,there is no interactive effect between pet keeping in home and family atopy history of asthma among children.