中老年人膀胱过度活动症患病率调查及危险因素分析

Prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder in middle-aged and senior people

目的了解中老年人膀胱过度活动症（OAB）的患病情况。方法采用多级分层随机抽样、横断面现场调查的方法，随机抽取郑州市6个社区年龄≥40岁的10160名常住居民进行现场问卷调查，内容包括调查对象基本信息、既往史、现病史和中文版OAB症状评分（OveractiveBladderSymptomScore，OABSS）等。OAB诊断依据为OABSS中尿急≥2分且总分≥3分。用×。检验和Bonferroni法对调查结果进行分析。结果9805份问卷符合要求进入统计分析。调查对象年龄40～92岁[（57．9±9．7）岁]，OAB总患病率为2．1％（209／9805），其中于性OAB1．0％（100／9805），湿性OAB1．1％（109／9805）。男性总患病率显著高于女性（2．7％和1．9％，P〈0．05）。男女患病率随年龄增加不断增高。60岁前，男、女患病率差异无统计学意义（1．2％和1．4％，P〉0．05），之后男性则高于女性（4．6％和2．6％，P〈0．05）。糖尿病患者OAB患病率明显高于非糖尿病患者（2．8％和1．9％，P〈0．05）。体质指数（BMI）≥30kg／m^2者比正常人（BMI〈25kg／m^2）更易患OAB（3．2％和1．8％，P〈0．05）。结论中老年人OAB患病率随着年龄增长不断增高，60岁以后男性OAB尤为突出，应给予特别关注。糖尿病、BMI≥30kg／m^2是OAB的高发因素。

Objective To study the prevalence, risk factors of overactive bladder （OAB） in mid- dle-aged and senior residents in Zhengzhou China. Methods A randomized, community-based, cross- sectional study was performed on 10 160 residents aged 40 or older in urban area of Zhengzhou by using a stratified system sampling approach. A questionnaire including the subjects＇ basic information, previous his- tory, present history, the Chinese overactive bladder symptom score （OABSS） was filled on site. The diag- nostic criteria for OAB was ＇an urgency score for Question 3 of 2 or more, and an OABSS of 3 or more＇. Chi- square test was used to determine the differences of prevalence between genders, age groups, BMI and peo- ple with and without diabetes mellitus （DM）. A pairwise comparison was conducted between different age, BMI group by using Bonferroni method. Results A total of 10 160 residents were investigated and finally 9805 （96.5%） were qualified for final statistical analysis. The mean age was （57.9 ± 9.7） years. The overall prevalence of OAB was 2.1% （209/9805） , of which, with OABdry 1.0% , and OABwet 1.1%. Male subjects were more likely suffered from OAB than female, with 2.7% （84/3129） versus 1.9% （125/ 6676）. The prevalence of OAB in both male and female increased with age. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of male and female before the age of 60 years （1.2% versus 1.4% , P 〉 0.05） and more common in men than in women after the age of 60 years （4.6% versus 2.6% , P 〈0.05）. The preva- lence of the subjects with DM was significantly higher than those without DM （P 〈0.05 ）. The subjects with BMIs of 30 or more were more likely to have OAB （3.2% versus 1.8% , P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions The prevalence of OAB increases with advancing age. The prevalence of male is higher than female after the age of 60 years. The diabetics and obese people are more likely to have OAB.