Searching Development-deficient Genes in Edible Mushroom by Self-crossing

利用自交寻找食用菌发育缺陷型基因的研究(英文)

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of mating factor recombination on the development of edible mushroom,and explore the possibility for using self-crossing to breed sporeless/low sporing mushroom strains.[Method] Selecting Agrocybe salicacola strain YAASM0711 as the self-crossing material,six self-crossed combinations were directionally constructed with single spore growth rate as an indicator,to carry out comprehensive analysis of the qualitative traits（color,deformity and growth characteristics）,quantitative traits（shape,yield,size and number of fruit bodies） and mating types of its self-crossed F1 progenies.[Result] After mating factor recombination,self-crossed single spore progenies showed serious genetic differentiation,the average mycelial growth rate and agronomic traits of inbred progenies were lower than those of the parents.The phenotype in fruiting body formation could be divided into normal fruiting and abnormal fruiting（including abnormal fruiting bodies,sporeless or low sporing fruiting bodies,no fruiting）.To be specific,18% self-crossed strains had superior agronomic traits to the parents,which can be used for selecting predominant strains from self-crossed progeny populations based on different breeding purposes.[Conclusion] The genes controlling mycelial growth rate of single spore were linked with mating factors.The mating factor-recombinant single spore strains could be selected according to the correlation between mating type and growth rate.The fruiting result of self-crossed strains indicated that the genes related to sporeless/low sporing development were recessive.Not only genetic materials harboring development-deficient genes in edible mushroom can be obtained by self-crossing,but also the sporeless/low sporing mutant strains with important application prospects can be bred.

[目的]研究交配因子发生重组对食用菌发育的影响,探讨自交能否用于选育无孢/少孢食用菌品种。[方法]选用杨柳田头菇菌株YAASM0711为自交材料,以单核菌株生长速度为指标定向的选择了6种自交组合,对其自交F1代群体的质量性状(颜色、畸形、生长特性)、数量性状(形状、产量、大小、数目)以及交配型进行综合分析。[结果]交配因子发生重组的单孢菌株自交后,后代群体遗传分化严重,大多数菌株的菌丝平均生长速度与农艺性状降低,从出菇形状上表现型分为正常菇和不正常出菇(形成畸形菇、无孢或少孢、不出菇),其中18%表现为超亲,对于超亲菌株可根据育种目标选择自交子代群体中的优势菌株加以利用。[结论]控制单孢生长速度快慢的基因与交配因子是连锁的,通过交配型与生长速度相关性筛选出发生交配因子重组的单孢菌株,交配出菇研究得出与孢子缺失或少孢发育相关的基因是隐性的,自交不仅可以得到与食用菌发育缺陷相关的基因材料,还可以选育有重要应用前景的无孢生产菌株。