修正烟团轨迹模式在区域大气环境风险模拟中的应用研究(英文)

Simulation of Revised Puff Trajectory Model in Regional Atmospheric Environmental Risks

[目的]研究修正烟团轨迹模式在区域大气环境风险模拟中的应用。[方法]分析了城市区域尺度大气污染扩散的烟团轨迹模式原理,同时,以青藏高原典型河谷城市西宁市为研究对象,将经修正的烟团轨迹模式——CALPUFF应用于西宁市大气环境风险预测。[结果]简单的烟团轨迹模式对污染物长距离输送或在复杂地形、流场模拟中难以满足,而CALPUFF能较好的应用于城市区域尺度及复杂地形和下垫面条件下,模式具有较高的分辨率,能清楚描绘出污染物输送与扩散的初始状况和细致分布。在青藏高原典型河谷城市西宁市大气环境风险预测中,西宁低空风场典型表现为湟水河谷盛行西北风,北川河谷则多为偏北风,同时高空出现逆温层结,以上典型气象条件对污染源下风方的西宁市区影响最重。模拟结果表现出烟团主要沿湟水河谷扩散,并出现山体对烟团的阻碍效应、烟团因流场在山脊处出现形变以及山谷风环流影响等非定常扩散现象,扩散轨迹符合复杂地形下流场影响的特征和规律。[结论]该研究结果对准确预估大气环境风险事件在复杂地形城市中的扩散特征、影响范围及程度具有重要意义。

[Objective] The aim was to research application of revised puff trajectory model in atmospheric environmental risks simulation.[Method] In the research,theory of puff trajectory model for pollution diffusion in atmosphere in urban areas was analyzed and CALPUFF,a revised puff trajectory model,was applied in prediction on atmospheric environmental risks in Xining City.[Result] The simple puff trajectory model can not be applied for long-distance transport or in complex terrain and airflow field.In contrast,CALPUFF would be applied in urban areas,and complex terrain or underlying surface.With high resolution ratio,it would depict the beginning condition and detailed distribution of pollutants transport and diffusion.For prediction on atmospheric environmental risks in Xining City,northwest wind dominated in Huangshui Valley;north wind dominated in Beichuan Valley;temperature inversion occurred at high altitude.These had a significant effect on the downwind direction in Xining urban district.The simulation results indicated that puffs usually spread along Huangshui Valley and some non-steady phenomena occurred,such as blocking effect by mountains,deformation of puff by airflow field in ridges and influence of valley wind.[Conclusion] The research is of significance for precise prediction on characters,influence and extent of atmospheric environmental risks in cities.