日本江户初期的“异端”论说与“道统”诉求

A Discussion on the Heterodox Ideology and the Appeal to Confucian Orthodoxy in Early Edo Era of Japan

日本江户初期,无论是藤原惺窝、林罗山的"排佛",还是山鹿素行、伊藤仁斋的"批朱","异端"论均是其进行学术批评的一大"理论武器"。"异端"所指由佛教滑向"朱子学"的过程,本质上乃是日本近世学者借"朱子学"来提升日本本土宗教"神道"的过程。特别是该过程中,"神道"日本对中华"道统"的诉求,则体现出了日本在学术和思想层面上欲"与中华抗衡"进而寻求文化和精神自立的一种"去中国化"的"实用主义"和"民族主义"的文化心态。

The heterodox ideology is a theoretical weapon of academic criticism both for Fujiwaraseika and Hayasilazan who argued against Buddism, and for Yamagasoko and Yitojinsai who criticized Syusigaku in the early Edo era of Japan. The heterodox ideology refers to the process during which Buddism slipped into Syusi- gaku, in fact it is a process by which modem Japanese scholars promoted Shinto, the native Japanese religion. The appeal of Shinto Japan to Confucian Orthodox China revealed the willingness of Japan to contend with Chi- na at academic and ideological level, which aimed at achieving the independence of culture and mentality, it also indicated Japan＇s cultural mentality of pragmatism and nationalism of eliminating the influences of China.