黄瓜子脂肪油化学成分的研究

Chemical constituents contained in fatty oil from seeds of Cucumis sativus

目的:对黄瓜子的脂肪油进行化学成分的研究。方法:石油醚加热回流提取脂肪油。氢氧化钾-甲醇溶液进行皂化反应,乙酸乙酯萃取得到不皂化物质,采用多种色谱法进行分离,根据理化性质和波谱数据的解析进行结构鉴定。皂化获得的脂肪酸部分进行甲酯化后,采用气相色谱法分析,以峰面积归一化法测定脂肪酸的组成及其相对含量。结果:从不皂化部分分离得到6个化合物:24-乙基胆甾-7,22,25-三烯醇(1),24-乙基胆甾-7,25-二烯醇(2),燕麦甾醇(3),菠菜甾醇(4),栝楼仁二醇(5),异栝楼仁二醇(6);脂肪油中鉴定了9种脂肪酸:肉豆蔻酸(7,0.12%),棕榈酸(8,12.04%),棕榈油酸(9,0.09%),十七碳酸(10,0.06%),硬脂酸(11,5.64%),油酸(12,6.95%),亚油酸(13,74.40%),花生酸(14,0.19%),α-亚麻酸(15,0.51%)。结论:化合物5,6,9,10,14,15系黄瓜中首次报道。

Objective： To study the chemical constituents contained in the seeds of Cucumis sativus. Method： The fatty oil was extracted by heating and refluxing with petroleum ether. Potassium hydroxide-methanol solution was used for saponification. An unsaponifiable matter was extracted by EtOAc and separated with various chromatographic methods. Its structure was identified on the ba- sis of their physicochemical properties and spectral data. The fatty acid fraction was methyl-esterified and determined by GC. The composition and relative content of fatty acid were determined with normalization method of peak area. Result： 24-ethylcholesta-7,22,25- trienol （ 1 ）, 24 -ethyleholesta-7,25-dienol （ 2 ）, avenasterol （ 3 ）, spinasterol （ 4 ）, karounidiol （ 5 ） and isokarounidiol （ 6 ） were separated and identified from the unsaponifiable matter. Myristic acid（7,0. 12% ）, palmitic acid （ 8,12. 04% ）, palmitoleic acid （ 9,0. 09% ）, hepta- decanoic acid （ 10,0. 06% ）, stearlc acid （ 11,5.64% ）, oleic acid （ 12,6. 95% ）, linoleic acid （ 13,74. 40% ）, arachidic acid （ 14, 0. 19% ）,and α-linolenic acid（15,0. 51% ）were identified from the fatty acids part. Conclusion： Compounds 5,6,9,10,14,and 15 were first reported in C. sativus.