对生产力一元决定论的反思与新释

Reflecting upon G.V.Plekhanov's Explanations of Mono-determinism of Productive Forces

长期以来,历史唯物主义的决定论立场备受诟病。从普列汉诺夫对生产力一元决定论的阐释来看,尽管其中不无深刻之处,但其"发生学"的思维方式使他错误地把"本质"和"现象"分割为两个不同的"阶段",在"起源"的意义上确认生产力的决定作用,用"本源"与"派生"的关系解读生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的关系,结果是一头走向地理环境决定论,另一头重蹈唯心主义历史观的二律背反或循环论证的覆辙。马克思"本质抽象"的科学方法则表明,生产力的一元决定是一种"共时性"的"趋势决定",而不是"历时性"的"起源决定"。

Over a long period of time,the determinism of historical materialism had been fully reviled.From G.V.Plekhanov's explanation for the mono-determinism of productive forces,though there are some deep views in it,the embryology mode of thinking makes him incorrectly break up 'the essence' and 'the appearance' into two different 'phases',affirm the decisive role of productive forces in the meaning of 'origin',explain the relations between productive forces and relations of production as that between 'origin' and 'derivation',as a result,move towards determinism of geographical surroundings for one thing,and follow the same old disastrous road as the antinomy or circular argument of historical idealism for another.Marx's scientific method of 'the essential abstraction' indicates that productive forces have a being priority in the meaning of 'logic',not in 'embryology',the mono-determination of productive forces is 'a trend determination' in the same period of time,not 'a original determination' in different periods of time.