陆地棉品种抗黄萎病反应规律的研究

Analysis on the Reaction of Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Upland Cottons

对我国自育的108个陆地棉品种的抗黄萎病性进行了研究。在黄萎病发病期内,对黄萎病发病情况进行连续调查,测定产量、考查产量因素并检测纤维品质。利用因子分析法对陆地棉抗黄萎病反应规律进行分析,得出不同时期的黄萎病病指主要与前后3～5个阶段抗病性有关。病情发展主要由4个主因子决定,且第1、2主因子具有较大的方差贡献率。第1主因子(F1)主要与品种7月26日至8月9日的黄萎病病指有关,第2主因子(F2)主要与品种8月20日至9月4日的黄萎病病指有关。利用因子分析结果将108个品种划分为4个类型,前期抗病性较好而后期发病较快的第Ⅰ类品种,其产量较低,单株结铃数、单铃重、衣分均低于其他3类;纤维品质均较差,纤维长度、整齐度、比强度和马克隆值均较其他3类差。前期和后期病指均较低、发病缓慢的第Ⅱ类则小区产量最高,纤维品质处于平均水平。第Ⅲ类品种前期发病较慢,中期发病较快,具有较高的小区产量,单铃重最高;纤维整齐度、比强度和伸长率好于其他3类品种;前期发病较快,中期发病平缓,后期仍具有较高病指的为第Ⅳ类品种,小区产量较低,单株产量、单株结铃数和衣分较高;其他性状处于中等水平。但研究表明,某一阶段具有的抗病性并不能完全代表品种的抗病性。

The resistance reaction of verticillium wilt in Upland cottons was studied by factor analysis. The result showed that disease index of different stage of the varieties was related to disease resistance of prior or late 3-5 stages. The disease development was controlled by four principal factors. The first principal factor （F1） and second factor （F2） explained more variance. The F1 and F2 factors were related to the disease index from July 26 to Au- gust 5 and from August 20 to September 1, respectively. One hundred and eight varieties （lines） were classified to 5 groups based on 4 factors loading. The varieties of Type I with high resistance in the prior stage and rapid devel- opment in the late stage possessed low yield and fiber quality. The varieties of Type II with low disease resistance in the prior and late stage had high yield. The disease resistance of some stage could not represent the disease reaction of the varieties.